@article {23,
	title = {Distribution and abundance of macroborers in an upper Miocene reef system, Mallorca, Spain; implications for reef development and framework destruction},
	journal = {PALAIOSPALAIOS},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	year = {1996},
	note = {http://palaios.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/11/1/40http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif\&issn=0883-1351\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif\&issn=0883-1351\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif\&issn=0883-1351\&client=sydneylibu; U6 - ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+abundance+of+macroborers+in+an+upper+miocene+reef+system\%2C+Mallorca\%2C+Spain\%3A+Implications+for+reef+development+and+framework+destruction\&rft.jtitle=Palaios\&rft.au=Perry\%2C+Christopher+T\&rft.date=1996-02-01\&rft.issn=0883-1351\&rft.eissn=1938-5323\&rft.volume=11\&rft.issue=1\&rft.spage=40\&rft.epage=56\&rft.externalDBID=n\%2Fa\&rft.externalDocID=126597822\&paramdict=en-US U7 - Journal Article U8 - FETCH-LOGICAL-e1295-d5923de765138a51f632417c85e5a46879d6bc14b4ff43d0b3b8f28d15d1a71c1[]},
	pages = {40-56},
	publisher = {SEPM},
	address = {TULSA},
	abstract = {The importance of boring organisms within reef environments, as agents of framework destruction, and thus as controls to rates of reef accretion, has been widely recognised. Relatively little, however, is known about variations in the distribution of macroborers (principally sponges, bivalves and worms), within individual reef systems. The Upper Miocene reefs of Mallorca present a unique opportunity in which to assess such distributional variations. Borings are preserved as casts within the molds of former corals, and these trace fossils typically exhibit highly characteristic morphologies. Based on the distribution of different bore morphologies, it has been possible to assess variations in both the distribution and abundance of individual borers, and the intensity of boring activity across the reef system. Different parts of the reef are characterised by different associations of boring organisms, with the highest diversity of borers, and the most intense boring activity, observed within corals from the lagoonal facies. The principal control on distributional patterns appears to have been the morphology and structure of the reef framebuilders. Massive corals are always more extensively bored, and typically contain a higher diversity of boring organisms than branched or platy corals. On a more local scale, variations in sediment accumulation rates, and degree of substrate encrustation appear to have exerted some degree of control. Rates of reef accretion would have been influenced not only by the abundance of different boring organisms in different parts of the reef, but on the response of different framebuilders to boring activity. Platy and branched corals, whilst typically less intensely bored, would have been more vulnerable to the effects of boring, while massive corals, which were often extensively bored, were more capable of surviving such damage. This preservational bias has important implications for interpreting styles and rates of reef accretion.},
	keywords = {bioerosion, coral reefs, Erosion, FLORIDA, GEOLOGY, GREAT-BARRIER-REEF, ISLAND, PALEONTOLOGY},
	isbn = {0883-1351},
	author = {Perry, Christopher T.}
}
@article {29,
	title = {Macroboring of Pleistocene Coral Communities, Falmouth Formation, Jamaica},
	journal = {PALAIOSPALAIOS},
	volume = {15},
	number = {5},
	year = {2000},
	note = {http://palaios.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/15/5/483http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif\&issn=0883-1351\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif\&issn=0883-1351\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif\&issn=0883-1351\&client=sydneylibu; U6 - ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Macroboring+of+Pleistocene+Coral+Communities\%2C+Falmouth+Formation\%2C+Jamaica\&rft.jtitle=Palaios\&rft.au=Perry\%2C+C.T\&rft.date=2000\&rft.issn=0883-1351\&rft.eissn=1938-5323\&rft.volume=15\&rft.issue=5\&rft.spage=483\&rft.epage=491\&rft.externalDBID=n\%2Fa\&rft.externalDocID=30991877\&paramdict=en-US U7 - Journal Article U8 - FETCH-LOGICAL-c1939-1b7a9a605a1e506a5937397829c0d84f9b2e4cff14378ffb979d0aed3bb5208b1[]},
	pages = {483-491},
	publisher = {SEPM},
	address = {TULSA},
	abstract = {1 Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK ABSTRACT Coral samples recovered from the Falmouth Formation in north Jamaica, an emergent Pleistocene (Sangamonian) fringing reef complex, contain a wide range of boring morphologies belonging to the ichnogenera Entobia (7 (+1?) ichnospecies), Gastrochaenolites (2 ichnospecies), Maeandropolydora and Trypanites . Sampling from four distinct shallow-water reef biofacies permitted quantification of spatial variations in boring community composition and degree of substrate infestation. Coral samples from back-reef/lagoon facies (mostly coral rubble) are characterized by diverse assemblages of borers, dominated by both sponge and "worm" borings, but with bivalve borings locally important. By contrast, shallow fore-reef facies are dominated by sponge borings, with "worm" borings locally important and bivalve borings rare or absent. Highest rates of substrate infestation (expressed as a \% of framework removed by borers) occur within lagoon/back-reef samples. Although facies constraints (especially the absence of deeper water facies) are likely to have exerted an influence on these data, broadly similar borer assemblages have been reported from both modern and other Cenozoic reef systems. The data provide a further link in what is, at present, the very poorly documented history of bioerosion in fossil reef systems.},
	keywords = {bioerosion, CONTINENTAL-SHELF, DESTRUCTION, GEOLOGY, GREAT-BARRIER-REEF, GROWTH, LIZARD-ISLAND, MONTASTRAEA-ANNULARIS, NOMENCLATURE, PALEONTOLOGY, PATTERNS, PORITES},
	isbn = {0883-1351},
	author = {Perry, Christopher T.}
}
@article {18,
	title = {Oligocene-Miocene extinction and geographic restriction of Caribbean corals; roles of turbidity, temperature, and nutrients},
	journal = {PALAIOSPALAIOS},
	volume = {9},
	number = {6},
	year = {1994},
	note = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3515129http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif\&issn=0883-1351\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif\&issn=0883-1351\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif\&issn=0883-1351\&client=sydneylibu; U6 - ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Oligocene-Miocene+extinction+and+geographic+restriction+of+Caribbean+corals\%3A+roles+of+turbidity\%2C+temperature\%2C+and+nutrients\&rft.jtitle=Palaios\&rft.au=Edinger\%2C+E.N\&rft.au=Risk\%2C+M.J\&rft.date=1994\&rft.issn=0883-1351\&rft.eissn=1938-5323\&rft.volume=9\&rft.issue=6\&rft.spage=576\&rft.epage=598\&rft.externalDBID=n\%2Fa\&rft.externalDocID=25413359\&paramdict=en-US U7 - Journal Article U8 - FETCH-LOGICAL-e1285-225bca8b2600c43b13ff5d537d2838cae23de5883de571677f21e7944e67f35a1[]},
	pages = {576-598},
	publisher = {SEPM},
	address = {TULSA},
	abstract = {About half the Caribbean hermatypic corals died out in the Caribbean during the latest Oligocene through Early Miocene, about 24-16 Ma. The majority of those corals that died out in the Caribbean are extant in the Indo-Pacific, i.e., they suffered geographic restriction, rather than extinction. The coral and coral associate faunas of three Upper Oligocene and three Middle Miocene fossil reefs in western Puerto Rico were compared. Coral genera at these sites suffered 50\% regional extinction (extinction or restriction), equivalent to earlier reports of this Caribbean coral extinction/restriction event. Nearly all coral genera tolerant of both turbidity and cool water survived; those tolerant of cool water or turbidity alone survived in much lesser proportions. Corals occurring on both patch reefs and shelf edge reefs survived in much greater proportions than those occurring on only patch reefs or only shelf edge reefs. There are no shelf edge barrier reef complexes documented from the Early or Middle Miocene in the Caribbean; the uppermost Miocene shelf edge reefs of Mona Island are the only known Miocene shelf edge reef deposits in the Caribbean. Coral associates, the endolithic sponges, bivalves, worms, and barnacles that live in coral skeletons, were almost completely unaffected by this event. Likewise, reef and off-reef gastropods, bivalves, and echinoids suffered only insignificant reductions in diversity. Only corals and large benthic foraminifera were strongly affected by the extinction. It is significant that zooxanthellate organisms were the primary victims of this extinction. Miocene endolithic sponge borings are significantly larger than their Oligocene counterparts, suggesting more intense bioerosion on Miocene than Oligocene reefs. Bioerosion is generally correlated with nutrient levels, and the apparently more intense bioerosion of Miocene corals may indicate enhanced nutrient availability on Miocene Caribbean reefs. Extensive Miocene phosphorites throughout the Caribbean indicate enhanced upwelling in the region during the time of the coral extinction/restriction. Biogeographic evidence from corals, coral associates, and molluscs corroborates this pattern, along with the evidence from bioerosion levels. Enhanced upwelling could account for the extinction/restriction by generally increasing nutrient levels and cooling Caribbean costal surface waters, thus restricting reef development to on-shelf patch reefs, where corals would be subject to more intense sedimentation. Modern reefs of the Eastern Pacific may provide a modern analogue to Miocene Caribbean reefs. This regional extinction was important in dividing a previously cosmopolitan reef fauna into several modern provincial faunas. This biogeographic separation was completed in the mid-Pliocene with the rise of the isthmus of Panama. Coral associates, which universally survived the Oligocene-Miocene event, also have much more cosmopolitan distributions than do corals.},
	keywords = {bioerosion, COSTA-RICA, GEOLOGY, ISTHMUS, PALEONTOLOGY, PANAMA, PATTERNS, Pliocene, REEF-CORALS, SEDIMENTATION, STRESS, TROPICAL AMERICAN MOLLUSKS},
	isbn = {0883-1351},
	author = {Edinger, Evan N. and Risk, Michael J.}
}
