@article {86,
	title = {Ocean acidification and warming scenarios increase microbioerosion of coral skeletons},
	journal = {Global Change BiologyGlobal Change Biology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {6},
	year = {2013},
	note = {http://DD8GH5YX7K.search.serialssolutions.com?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Ocean+acidification+and+warming+scenarios+increase+microbioerosion+of+coral+skeletons\&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology\&rft.au=Reyes\%E2\%80\%90Nivia\%2C+Catalina\&rft.au=Diaz\%E2\%80\%90Pulido\%2C+Guillermo\&rft.au=Kline\%2C+David\&rft.au=Guldberg\%2C+Ove\%E2\%80\%90Hoegh\&rft.date=2013-06-01\&rft.issn=1354-1013\&rft.eissn=1365-2486\&rft.volume=19\&rft.issue=6\&rft.spage=1919\&rft.epage=1929\&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111\%2Fgcb.12158\&rft.externalDocID=GCB12158\&paramdict=en-UShttp://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif\&issn=1354-1013\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif\&issn=1354-1013\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif\&issn=1354-1013\&client=sydneylibu; U6 - ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Ocean+acidification+and+warming+scenarios+increase+microbioerosion+of+coral+skeletons\&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology\&rft.au=Reyes\%E2\%80\%90Nivia\%2C+Catalina\&rft.au=Diaz\%E2\%80\%90Pulido\%2C+Guillermo\&rft.au=Kline\%2C+David\&rft.au=Guldberg\%2C+Ove\%E2\%80\%90Hoegh\&rft.date=2013-06-01\&rft.issn=1354-1013\&rft.eissn=1365-2486\&rft.volume=19\&rft.issue=6\&rft.spage=1919\&rft.epage=1929\&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111\%2Fgcb.12158\&rft.externalDocID=GCB12158\&paramdict=en-US U7 - Journal Article U8 - FETCH-LOGICAL-e3718-c2292533300d71e585a0ea010a6d3c143410d488e1317a3560d623befcd413091[]},
	pages = {1919-1929},
	publisher = {Wiley Subscription Services, Inc},
	address = {England},
	abstract = {Biological mediation of carbonate dissolution represents a fundamental component of the destructive forces acting on coral reef ecosystems. Whereas ocean acidification can increase dissolution of carbonate substrates, the combined impact of ocean acidification and warming on the microbioerosion of coral skeletons remains unknown. Here, we exposed skeletons of the reef-building corals, Porites cylindrica and Isopora cuneata, to present-day (Control: 400 μatm - 24~{\textdegree}C) and future pCO2 -temperature scenarios projected for the end of the century (Medium: +230 μatm - +2~{\textdegree}C; High: +610 μatm - +4~{\textdegree}C). Skeletons were also subjected to permanent darkness with initial sodium hypochlorite incubation, and natural light without sodium hypochlorite incubation to isolate the environmental effect of acidic seawater (i.e., Ωaragonite <1) from the biological effect of photosynthetic microborers. Our results indicated that skeletal dissolution is predominantly driven by photosynthetic microborers, as samples held in the dark did not decalcify. In contrast, dissolution of skeletons exposed to light increased under elevated pCO2 -temperature scenarios, with P. cylindrica experiencing higher dissolution rates per month (89\%) than I. cuneata (46\%) in the high treatment relative to control. The effects of future pCO2 -temperature scenarios on the structure of endolithic communities were only identified in P. cylindrica and were mostly associated with a higher abundance of the green algae Ostreobium spp. Enhanced skeletal dissolution was also associated with increased endolithic biomass and respiration under elevated pCO2 -temperature scenarios. Our results suggest that future projections of ocean acidification and warming will lead to increased rates of microbioerosion. However, the magnitude of bioerosion responses may depend on the structural properties of coral skeletons, with a range of implications for reef carbonate losses under warmer and more acidic oceans.},
	keywords = {Acids - chemistry, Anthozoa - metabolism, Automated teller machines, Carbonates, Climate change, coral reefs, Coral reefs and islands, coral skeleton, Corals, Dissolution, ENDOLITHIC ALGAE, Global warming, Isopora, Marine conservation, Marine Ecology, Microalgae - metabolism, Microbioerosion, Ocean, ocean acidification, ocean acidification and warming, Ostreobium, Photosynthesis, PORITES, Sea-water, Sodium hypochlorite},
	isbn = {1354-1013},
	author = {Reyes-Nivia, Catalina and Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo and Kline, David and Guldberg, Ove-Hoegh and Dove, Sophie}
}
@article {74,
	title = {Plausible mechanisms for the boring on carbonates by microbial phototrophs},
	journal = {Sedimentary GeologySedimentary Geology},
	volume = {185},
	number = {3{\textendash}4},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {205-213},
	abstract = {Photosynthetic microbes, particularly cyanobacteria, that bore into carbonates are ancient biological players in various geologic phenomena such as the destruction of biogenic carbonates and coastal limestones, the reworking of carbonate sands and the cementation of microbialites. Their signatures are important tools for paleoenvironmental reconstruction, and they play a significant role in marine aquaculture. In spite of their geologic, environmental and economic importance, the mechanism by which they are able to excavate calcareous and calcophosphatic mineral substrates remains unknown. Excavation by acidulation, commonly thought to be a possible mechanism, constitutes nothing less than an apparent paradox, in that the geochemical consequence of oxygenic photosynthesis should be carbonate precipitation, not dissolution. Three alternative mechanistic models are presented here that may allow cyanobacterial boring to proceed and be still consistent with available evidence, as well as microbiological and geologic/geochemical principles. They are based on either temporal or spatial separation of photosynthesis and respiration, and on the active extrusion of calcium ions through an active cellular uptake and transport process. From the three models, the latter is shown to be most appropriate in describing and explaining the boring phenomenon. Several experimental approaches are discussed that would be appropriate to elucidate the paradox.},
	keywords = {bioerosion, Blue-green algae, Calcium metabolism, Calcophosphates, Carbonates, Cyanobacteria, Endoliths},
	isbn = {0037-0738},
	author = {Garcia-Pichel, Ferran}
}
@article {77,
	title = {Dissolution of Dead Corals by Euendolithic Microorganisms Across the Northern Great Barrier Reef (Australia)},
	journal = {Microbial EcologyMicrobial Ecology},
	volume = {55},
	number = {4},
	year = {2008},
	note = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/40605722http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif\&issn=0095-3628\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif\&issn=0095-3628\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif\&issn=0095-3628\&client=sydneylibu; U6 - ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Dissolution+of+dead+corals+by+euendolithic+microorganisms+across+the+northern+Great+Barrier+Reef+\%28Australia\%29\&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Ecology\&rft.au=Aline\%2C+Tribollet\&rft.date=2008-05-01\&rft.issn=0095-3628\&rft.eissn=1432-184X\&rft.volume=55\&rft.issue=4\&rft.spage=569\&rft.epage=580\&rft.externalDBID=n\%2Fa\&rft.externalDocID=351601273\&paramdict=en-US U7 - Journal Article U8 - FETCH-LOGICAL-c2411-86765b3e5ab774467f823aac1e46aff8f9913715a4fa98f0fd2174561e35f121[]},
	pages = {569-580},
	publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {Spatial and temporal variabilities in species composition, abundance, distribution, and bioeroding activity of euendolithic microorganisms were investigated in experimental blocks of the massive coral Pontes along an inshore-offshore transect across the northern Great Barrier Reef (Australia) over a 3-year period. Inshore reefs showed turbid and eutrophic waters, whereas the offshore reefs were characterized by oligotrophic waters. The euendolithic microorganisms and their ecological characteristics were studied using techniques of microscopy, p{\'e}trographie sections, and image analysis. Results showed that euendolithic communities found in blocks of coral were mature. These communities were dominated by the chlorophyte Ostreobium quekettii, the cyanobacterium Plectonematerebrans, and fungi. O. quekettii was found to be the principal agent of microbioerosion, responsible for 70-90\% of carbonate removal. In the offshore reefs, this oligophotic chlorophyte showed extensive systems of filaments that penetrated deep inside coral skeletons (up to 4.1 mm) eroding as much as 1 kg CaCO$_{3}$ eroded m$^{-}${\texttwosuperior} year$^{-}${\textonesuperior}. The percentage of colonization by euendolithic filaments at the surface of blocks did not vary significantly among sites, while their depths of penetration, especially that of O. quekettii (0.6-4.1 mm), increased significantly and gradually with the distance from the shore. Rates of microbioerosion (0.1-1.4 kg m$^{-}${\texttwosuperior} after 1 year and 0.2-1.3 kg m$^{-}${\texttwosuperior} after 3 years of exposure) showed a pattern similar to the one found for the depth of penetration of O. quekettii filaments. Accordingly, oligotrophic reefs had the highest rates of microbioerosion of up to 1.3 kg m$^{-}${\texttwosuperior} year$^{-}${\textonesuperior}, whereas the development of euendolithic communities in inshore reefs appeared to be limited by turbidity, high sedimentationrates, and low grazing pressure (rates <0.5 kg m$^{-}${\texttwosuperior} after 3 years). Those results suggest that boring microorganisms, including O. quekettii, have a significant impact on the overall calcium carbonate budget of coral reef ecosystems, which varies according to environmental conditions.},
	keywords = {Animals, Anthozoa, Anthozoa - chemistry, Anthozoa - microbiology, AUSTRALIA, Biodegradation, Environmental, Biodiversity, bioerosion, Calcium carbonate, Calcium Carbonate - chemistry, Carbonates, Chlorophyta, Chlorophyta - metabolism, CONTINENTAL-SHELF, ECOLOGY, Ecosystem, ENDOLITHIC ALGAE, Environmental Monitoring, FRENCH-POLYNESIA, FRESHWATER BIOLOGY, Fungi, Fungi - metabolism, Geoecology/Natural Processes, ISLAND, Life Sciences, MARINE \&amp, MICROBIOLOGY, microborers, MOOREA, Nature Conservation, Plectonema, Plectonema - metabolism, Population Dynamics, RATES, Seawater, Seawater - microbiology, Water Microbiology},
	isbn = {0095-3628},
	author = {Aline, Tribollet}
}
@article {63,
	title = {Microbial infestation of carbonate substrates planted on the St. Croix shelf, West Indies},
	journal = {GSA BulletinGSA Bulletin},
	volume = {87},
	number = {11},
	year = {1976},
	note = {http://DD8GH5YX7K.search.serialssolutions.com?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Microbial+infestation+of+carbonate+substrates+planted+on+the+St.+Croix+shelf\%2C+West+Indies\&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Geological+Society+of+America\&rft.au=Perkins\%2C+Ronald+D\&rft.date=1976\&rft.issn=0016-7606\&rft.eissn=1943-2674\&rft.volume=87\&rft.issue=11\&rft.spage=1615\&rft.epage=1628\&rft_id=info:doi/10.1130\%2F0016-7606\%281976\%2987\%3C1615\%3AMIOCSP\%3E2.0.CO\%3B2\&rft.externalDBID=n\%2Fa\&rft.externalDocID=368562863\&paramdict=en-UShttp://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif\&issn=0016-7606\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif\&issn=0016-7606\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif\&issn=0016-7606\&client=sydneylibu; U6 - ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Microbial+infestation+of+carbonate+substrates+planted+on+the+St.+Croix+shelf\%2C+West+Indies\&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Geological+Society+of+America\&rft.au=Perkins\%2C+Ronald+D\&rft.date=1976\&rft.issn=0016-7606\&rft.eissn=1943-2674\&rft.volume=87\&rft.issue=11\&rft.spage=1615\&rft.epage=1628\&rft_id=info:doi/10.1130\%2F0016-7606\%281976\%2987\%3C1615\%3AMIOCSP\%3E2.0.CO\%3B2\&rft.externalDBID=n\%2Fa\&rft.externalDocID=368562863\&paramdict=en-US U7 - Journal Article U8 - FETCH-LOGICAL-c1581-3dcd8c13b20f6c7809433ae6bf71764f6730f4f183ca60c5b970907d370955831[]},
	pages = {1615-1628},
	publisher = {Geological Soc America},
	abstract = {1 Department of Geology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 Carbonate substrates prepared from the shells of living organisms and inorganic calcite were planted on the St. Croix shelf and periodically harvested to determine the nature and extent of microbial infestation by endolithic organisms. Substrates, 1 to 10 mm in diameter, were mounted on plexiglass sheets and anchored at five sites at depths ranging from the intertidal to 30 m. Samples were harvested after exposure times ranging from 9 days to 18 months. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination of plastic-impregnated endoliths and their resultant microborings, in association with specimens isolated through acid dissolution of host substrates, formed the basis for this investigation. Blue-green algae were found to be the dominant microborers, and green algae were of secondary importance. Red algae and fungi were relatively scarce. In order of decreasing abundance, the following endolithic organisms were observed: Mastigocoleus testarum (blue-green alga), Plectonema terebrans (blue-green alga), Phaeophila engleri (green alga), Hyella sp. A (blue-green alga), Ostreobium brabantium (green alga), Calothrix sp. (blue-green alga), Ostreobium constrictum (green alga), moniliform fungus(?), Conchocelis stage of Porphyra sp. (red alga), Scytonema (blue-green alga), microboring sponge, reticulate fungus(?), and Hyella sp. B (blue-green alga). Initial infestation of planted substrates was detectable after exposure periods of as little as 9 days and heavy infestation within 2 to 4 months. Less than 10 percent of the grains exposed for 9 days were colonized by endoliths; after 4 months approximately 95 percent of the grains were colonized. The distributional patterns of microborers that infested substrates planted on the St. Croix shelf are believed to be environmentally controlled and may be applicable in the paleoecological analyses of ancient carbonates.},
	keywords = {Abundance, algae, Aquatic plants, ASW, Caribbean Sea, West Indies, calcite, Calothrix, Carbonates, Conchocelis, Cyanobacteria, Cyanophyta, Dissolution, Fungi, Grain, Hyella, INE, USA, Washington, INFESTATION, Interspecific relationships, Mastigocoleus testarum, Ostreobium, palaeoecology, palaeoenvironments, Phaeophila, PHYTOPLANKTON, Plectonema terebrans, Population Dynamics, Porphyra, Scanning electron microscopy, Scytonema, Seaweeds, Shells, Substrate preferences, USA, Wisconsin},
	isbn = {0016-7606},
	author = {Perkins, Ronald D. and Tsentas, Constantine I.}
}
@article {68,
	title = {Experimental studies on microbial bioerosion at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas and One Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: implications for paleoecological reconstructions},
	journal = {LethaiaLethaia},
	volume = {33},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	note = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&SrcAuth=SerialsSolutions\&SrcApp=Summon\&KeyUT=000166704600005\&DestLinkType=FullRecord\&DestApp=WOShttp://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif\&issn=0024-1164\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif\&issn=0024-1164\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif\&issn=0024-1164\&client=sydneylibu; U6 - ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Experimental+studies+on+microbial+bioerosion+at+Lee+Stocking+Island\%2C+Bahamas+and+One+Tree+Island\%2C+Great+Barrier+Reef\%2C+Australia\%3A+Implications+for+paleoecological+reconstructions\&rft.jtitle=Lethaia\&rft.au=Vogel\%2C+K\&rft.au=Gektidis\%2C+M\&rft.au=Golubic\%2C+S\&rft.au=Kiene\%2C+W.E\&rft.date=2000\&rft.issn=0024-1164\&rft.eissn=1502-3931\&rft.volume=33\&rft.issue=3\&rft.spage=190\&rft.epage=204\&rft.externalDBID=n\%2Fa\&rft.externalDocID=30771793\&paramdict=en-US U7 - Journal Article U8 - FETCH-LOGICAL-c1750-639394f2d6aae7875074d815a526b45853933d13fdae8551a832da1f82b5b6b1[]},
	pages = {190-204},
	publisher = {TAYLOR \& FRANCIS AS},
	address = {Oxford, UK},
	abstract = {Different kinds of experimental calcareous substrates were exposed at Lee Stocking Island (Bahamas) and One Tree Island (Great Barrier Reef, Australia) to study which endolithic bacteria, algae and fungi contribute to bioerosion and what their bioerosion rates are. The sites at Lee Stocking Island were several leeward shallow water and several windward shallow and deep-water positions (from the Acropora palmata reef at 2 m down to 275 m depth). At One Tree Island, the experiments were conducted in patch reefs treated with P and N to study the influence of mineral nutrients on bioerosion. The exposure periods ranged from 1 week to 2 years. The micritic carbonate substrates exposed on Lee Stocking Island contained 6 genera with 15 species of cyanobacteria, green and red algae, and different kinds of microendolithic heterotrophs. The mean values of bioerosion rates measured between 1 to 2 g/m 2 /y at 275 m and 520 g/m 2 /y at one of the leeward sites. The composition of the endolithic community and the bioerosion rates changed over time. At One Tree Island, shell pieces of Tridacna were used as substrate exposed for 5 months to endolith activity. Five genera and 6 species of cyanobacteria, green and red algae and different kinds of heterotrophic microendoliths were found with bioerosion rates of 20{\textendash}30 g/m 2 /y. There are differences in abundance of taxa between Lee Stocking Island and One Tree Island. The introduction of nutrients had no apparent impact on the microborer community. Controlling factors for the distribution and abundance of microborers are mainly light, but also the kind of substrate and, possibly, the biogeographic position. The results support the paleoecological importance of microendoliths.},
	keywords = {Acropora palmata, algae, ASW, Caribbean Sea, Bahamas, Exuma Cays, Lee Stocking I, Bacteria, Bahamas, barrier reefs, Biodegradation, bioerosion, boring organisms, Carbonates, Colonization, Community composition, Comparative studies, coral reefs, CORAL-REEFS, Cyanophyta, ECOLOGY, Endoliths, Environmental impact, Fungi, Great Barrier Reef, Heterotrophic organisms, ICHNOLOGY, INFESTATION, ISEW, Australia, Queensland, Great Barrier Reef, One Tree I, LAGOONS FRENCH-POLYNESIA, Light effects, Marine, MICROBORINGS, Microendoliths, MOOREA, Nutrients (mineral), palaeoecology, Paleoecology, PALEONTOLOGY, Quantitative distribution, Reefs, SEDIMENTS, Shallow water, Substrate preferences, Tridacna, WATER},
	isbn = {0024-1164},
	author = {Vogel, Klaus and Gektidis, Marcos and Golubic, Stjepko and Kiene, William E. and Radtke, Gudrun}
}
@article {41,
	title = {Cross-shelf differences in the pattern and pace of bioerosion of experimental carbonate substrates exposed for 3~years on the northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia},
	journal = {Coral ReefsCoral Reefs},
	volume = {24},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	note = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&SrcAuth=SerialsSolutions\&SrcApp=Summon\&KeyUT=000233913200013\&DestLinkType=FullRecord\&DestApp=WOShttp://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif\&issn=0722-4028\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif\&issn=0722-4028\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif\&issn=0722-4028\&client=sydneylibu; U6 - ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Cross-shelf+differences+in+the+pattern+and+pace+of+bioerosion+of+experimental+carbonate+substrates+exposed+for+3+years+on+the+northern+Great+Barrier+Reef\%2C+Australia\&rft.jtitle=Coral+reefs\&rft.au=Tribollet\%2C+A\&rft.au=Golubic\%2C+S\&rft.date=2005\&rft.issn=0722-4028\&rft.eissn=1432-0975\&rft.volume=24\&rft.issue=3\&rft.spage=422\&rft.epage=434\&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007\%2Fs00338-005-0003-7\&paramdict=en-US U7 - Journal Article U8 - FETCH-LOGICAL-c1613-d5dc4560a8bf5681ffdcdab19e53924f75009f6eadb040eb54f8b59b46329c7a1[]},
	pages = {422-434},
	publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
	address = {Berlin/Heidelberg},
	abstract = {Patterns of bioerosion of dead corals and rubbles on the northern Great Barrier Reef were studied by using blocks of the massive coral Porites experimentally exposed at six sites, located on an inshore{\textendash}offshore profile, for 1~year and 3~years. Rates of microbioerosion by microborers, grazing by fish, and macrobioerosion by filter-feeding organisms were simultaneously evaluated using image analysis. Microbioerosion, grazing, and total bioerosion were lower at reefs near the Queensland coast than at the edge of the continental shelf (1.81~kg~m-2 and 6.07~kg~m-2 after 3~years of exposure respectively, for total bioerosion). The opposite pattern was observed for macrobioerosion. Bioaccretion was negligible. These patterns were evident after 1~year of exposure, and became enhanced after 3~years. Microborers were established and were the main agent of bioerosion after 1~year of exposure, and as the principal support for grazing, continued to be the main cause of carbonate loss after 3~years. Full grazing activity and establishment of a mature community of macroborers required more than 1~year of exposure. After 1~year, macroborers and grazers were the second most important agents of bioerosion on both inshore and offshore reefs. However, after 3~years, grazers became the main agents at all sites except at the inshore sites, where macroborers were the principal agents. Because the contribution of microborers, grazers, and macroborers to bioerosion varies in space and time, we suggest that the estimation of reef carbonate budgets need to take in account the activities of all bioerosion agents.},
	keywords = {bioerosion, Biological damage, budgets, Carbonate budget, Carbonates, CONTINENTAL-SHELF, coral reefs, CORAL-REEFS, Cross-shelf patterns, DEAD CORALS, FRENCH-POLYNESIA, Freshwater \&amp, FRESHWATER BIOLOGY, grazing, Great Barrier Reef, INDIAN-OCEAN, INTERNAL BIOEROSION, Internet, ISEW, Australia, Queensland, ISEW, Australia, Queensland, Great Barrier Reef, Life Sciences, Marine, MARINE \&amp, Marine Ecology, Microbioerosion, microborers, MOOREA, OCEANOGRAPHY, PORITES, RATES, Spatial variations, total bioerosion},
	isbn = {0722-4028},
	author = {Tribollet, A. and Golubic, S.}
}
@article {45,
	title = {Syn-depositional alteration of coral reef framework through bioerosion, encrustation and cementation: Taphonomic signatures of reef accretion and reef depositional events},
	journal = {Earth Science ReviewsEarth Science Reviews},
	volume = {86},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	note = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&SrcAuth=SerialsSolutions\&SrcApp=Summon\&KeyUT=000252555200006\&DestLinkType=FullRecord\&DestApp=WOShttp://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif\&issn=0012-8252\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif\&issn=0012-8252\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif\&issn=0012-8252\&client=sydneylibu; U6 - ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Syn-depositional+alteration+of+coral+reef+framework+through+bioerosion\%2C+encrustation+and+cementation\%3A+Taphonomic+signatures+of+reef+accretion+and+reef+depositional+events\&rft.jtitle=Earth+Science+Reviews\&rft.au=Perry\%2C+C.T\&rft.au=Hepburn\%2C+L.J\&rft.date=2008\&rft.pub=Elsevier+B.V\&rft.issn=0012-8252\&rft.eissn=1872-6828\&rft.volume=86\&rft.issue=1\&rft.spage=106\&rft.epage=144\&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016\%2Fj.earscirev.2007.08.006\&rft.externalDocID=doi_10_1016_j_earscirev_2007_08_006\&paramdict=en-US U7 - Journal Article U8 - FETCH-LOGICAL-c5256-915e05a14e5ea93ce793d23559bd625e1d7b8e2d534559ac12bcd21ad68d10fd1[]},
	pages = {106-144},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V},
	address = {AMSTERDAM},
	abstract = {The development of coral reef framework and the preservational character of both in-situ and rubble coral is strongly influenced by a range of physical, chemical and biologically-mediated taphonomic processes. These operate at, or just below, the reef framework-water interface and can be defined as having either a constructive or destructive effect upon primary reef framework (i.e., coral) constituents. Constructional activities add additional calcium carbonate to the primary framework structure via secondary framework growth and early cementation. Destructive processes, which remove or degrade primary (and secondary) framework carbonate, are associated with the effects of either physical (mainly storm) disturbance or biological erosion (termed bioerosion). Key bioeroding groups include the grazing fish and echinoid groups, as well as the activities of an array of infaunal borers. These include specific groups of sponges, bivalves and worms (termed macroborers), as well as cyanobacteria, chlorophytes, rhodophytes and fungi (termed microborers). The relative importance of each process and the rates at which they operate vary spatially across individual reef systems. In addition, many of these processes leave distinctive signatures on, or in, the coral framework. In some cases (e.g., calcareous encrusters) these are the skeletons of the organisms themselves, whilst in other cases the organism may leave behind a trace of their activity (e.g., macro- and microborers). These represent useful palaeoenvironmental tools, firstly because they often have good preservation potential and, secondly because the range and extent of many of the individual species, groups and processes involved exhibit reasonably well-constrained environment and/or depth-related distributions. As a result these taphonomically important organisms or processes can be used to delineate between reef environments in core or outcrop, and to aid the interpretation of reef depositional processes and {\textquoteright}events{\textquoteright}. This review summarises current understanding regarding the distribution of these species/processes within contemporary reef settings and considers the suites of taphonomic signatures that may aid in the recognition and interpretation of depositional environments and events. {\textcopyright} 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Accretion, ACROPORA-PALMATA FRAMEWORK, Animal fossils, ATOL-DAS-ROCAS, bioerosion, Borers, boring organisms, BRITISH-WEST-INDIES, calcareous encrusters, Calcium, Calcium carbonate, Calcium carbonates, CALIBRATED C-14 DATES, Carbonates, CARIBBEAN FRINGING REEF, CAVITY-DWELLERS COELOBITES, cements, coral reefs, Cores, Echinoida, encrustation, Fungi, GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY, grazing, GREAT-BARRIER-REEF, INTERTIDAL MANGROVE PEAT, MACROBORERS, Meiobenthos, microborers, ORGANISMS, palaeoecology, palaeoenvironments, Paleoecology, PHYTOPLANKTON, Preservation, reef taphonomy, Reefs, SEA-LEVEL CHANGES, Sedimentary environments, ST-CROIX SHELF},
	isbn = {0012-8252},
	author = {Perry, C. T. and Hepburn, L. J.}
}
@article {54,
	title = {Phosphorus and nitrogen effects on microbial euendolithic communities and their bioerosion rates},
	journal = {Marine Pollution BulletinMarine Pollution Bulletin},
	volume = {64},
	number = {3},
	year = {2012},
	note = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&SrcAuth=SerialsSolutions\&SrcApp=Summon\&KeyUT=000301875600030\&DestLinkType=FullRecord\&DestApp=WOShttp://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif\&issn=0025-326X\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif\&issn=0025-326X\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif\&issn=0025-326X\&client=sydneylibu; U6 - ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+and+nitrogen+effects+on+microbial+euendolithic+communities+and+their+bioerosion+rates\&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin\&rft.au=Carreiro-Silva\%2C+M\&rft.au=Kiene\%2C+W.E\&rft.au=Golubic\%2C+S\&rft.au=McClanahan\%2C+T.R\&rft.date=2012-03-01\&rft.pub=Elsevier+Ltd\&rft.issn=0025-326X\&rft.eissn=1879-3363\&rft.volume=64\&rft.issue=3\&rft.spage=602\&rft.epage=613\&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016\%2Fj.marpolbul.2011.12.013\&rft.externalDocID=doi_10_1016_j_marpolbul_2011_12_013\&paramdict=en-US U7 - Journal Article U8 - FETCH-LOGICAL-c2110-24b78c585454a112338fdac6d8540454f2e6e01f387922ac2c42d396e1bfa3c51[]},
	pages = {602-613},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V},
	address = {England},
	abstract = {Cages and fertilizers were used at Glover{\textquoteright}s Atoll, Belize to test the relative importance of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to microbial euendolithic communities (bacteria, algae and fungi) and their bioerosion rates of Strombus gigas shells after 56-days of exposure. By the end of the experiment, the abundance of green algae was higher than cyanobacteria and fungi in N and N+P treatments, although green algae did not increase proportionally with increasing N concentrations, suggesting that green algae were co-limited by P and N. In contrast, cyanobacteria abundance increased with increasing P concentration, suggesting that cyanobacteria were P-limited. Fungi were not significantly affected by the addition of nutrients. Microbioerosion rates in the N and N+P treatments were 2-times greater than rates in the P treatment and 15-times greater than the control treatment. Results demonstrate that increased nutrient concentrations on coral reefs may increase microbioerosion rates, and variations in nutrient ratios can modify microborers community composition.},
	keywords = {Bacteria - drug effects, Bacteria - growth \&amp, BELIZE, Biodegradation, Environmental - drug effects, Calcium carbonate, Calcium carbonate balance, Carbonates, Coral reefs and islands, CORAL-REEFS, Cyanobacteria, development, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, Eutrophication, FRESHWATER BIOLOGY, Fungi - drug effects, Fungi - growth \&amp, Fungi - physiology, GLOVERS REEF, GREAT-BARRIER-REEF, Green algae, GROWTH, INORGANIC NUTRIENTS, LAGOONS FRENCH-POLYNESIA, LIMITED PRODUCTIVITY, MACROALGAE, MARINE \&amp, Marine resources conservation, Microalgae - drug effects, Microalgae - growth \&amp, Microalgae - physiology, Microbial euendoliths, Nitrogen - analysis, Nitrogen - pharmacology, Nutrient limitation, Phosphorus - analysis, Phosphorus - pharmacology, Reefs, Seawater - chemistry, SPARISOMA-VIRIDE, Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical - pharmacology},
	isbn = {0025-326X, 1879-3363},
	author = {Carreiro-Silva, M. and Kiene, W. E. and Golubic, S. and McClanahan, T. R.}
}
