@inbook {52,
	title = {Reef Bioerosion: Agents and Processes},
	booktitle = {Coral Reefs: An Ecosystem in Transition},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011/01/01},
	pages = {435-449},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	organization = {Springer Netherlands},
	chapter = {25},
	keywords = {anthropogenic factors, Bivalves, Carbonate budget, Carbonate dissolution, coral reefs, Cyanobacteria, Euendoliths, Fungi, Grazers, MACROBORERS, Microalgae, microborers, ocean acidification, Parrotfishes, Reef bioerosion, Reef framework, SEDIMENTATION, Sponges, Urchins},
	isbn = {978-94-007-0113-7},
	author = {Tribollet, Aline and Golubic, Stjepko},
	editor = {Dubinsky, Zvy and Stambler, Noga}
}
@article {57,
	title = {Sponge biomass and bioerosion rates increase under ocean warming and acidification},
	journal = {Global Change BiologyGlobal Change Biology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {12},
	year = {2013},
	note = {http://DD8GH5YX7K.search.serialssolutions.com?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Sponge+biomass+and+bioerosion+rates+increase+under+ocean+warming+and+acidification\&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology\&rft.au=Fang\%2C+James+K.+H\&rft.au=Mello\%E2\%80\%90Athayde\%2C+Matheus+A\&rft.au=Sch\%C3\%B6nberg\%2C+Christine+H.+L\&rft.au=Kline\%2C+David+I\&rft.date=2013-12-01\&rft.issn=1354-1013\&rft.eissn=1365-2486\&rft.volume=19\&rft.issue=12\&rft.spage=3581\&rft.epage=3591\&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111\%2Fgcb.12334\&rft.externalDocID=GCB12334\&paramdict=en-UShttp://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif\&issn=1354-1013\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif\&issn=1354-1013\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif\&issn=1354-1013\&client=sydneylibu; U6 - ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Sponge+biomass+and+bioerosion+rates+increase+under+ocean+warming+and+acidification\&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology\&rft.au=Fang\%2C+James+K.+H\&rft.au=Mello\%E2\%80\%90Athayde\%2C+Matheus+A\&rft.au=Sch\%C3\%B6nberg\%2C+Christine+H.+L\&rft.au=Kline\%2C+David+I\&rft.date=2013-12-01\&rft.issn=1354-1013\&rft.eissn=1365-2486\&rft.volume=19\&rft.issue=12\&rft.spage=3581\&rft.epage=3591\&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111\%2Fgcb.12334\&rft.externalDocID=GCB12334\&paramdict=en-US U7 - Journal Article U8 - FETCH-LOGICAL-e1974-558bc69b3ac554eca4aed45ef1777ec9fef4ef1c7e6fcf77d22fbe4c87d4dd581[]},
	pages = {3581-3591},
	publisher = {Wiley Subscription Services, Inc},
	address = {England},
	abstract = {The combination of ocean warming and acidification as a result of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) is considered to be a significant threat to calcifying organisms and their activities on coral reefs. How these global changes impact the important roles of decalcifying organisms (bioeroders) in the regulation of carbonate budgets, however, is less understood. To address this important question, the effects of a range of past, present and future CO 2 emission scenarios (temperature~+~acidification) on the excavating sponge Cliona orientalis Thiele, 1900 were explored over 12~weeks in early summer on the southern Great Barrier Reef. C. orientalis is a widely distributed bioeroder on many reefs, and hosts symbiotic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium . Our results showed that biomass production and bioerosion rates of C. orientalis were similar under a pre-industrial scenario and a present day (control) scenario. S ymbiodinium population density in the sponge tissue was the highest under the pre-industrial scenario, and decreased towards the two future scenarios with sponge replicates under the {\textquoteleft}business-as-usual{\textquoteright} CO 2 emission scenario exhibiting strong bleaching. Despite these changes, biomass production and the ability of the sponge to erode coral carbonate materials both increased under the future scenarios. Our study suggests that C. orientalis will likely grow faster and have higher bioerosion rates in a high CO 2 future than at present, even with significant bleaching. Assuming that our findings hold for excavating sponges in general, increased sponge biomass coupled with accelerated bioerosion may push coral reefs towards net erosion and negative carbonate budgets in the future.},
	keywords = {Acidification, Atmospheric carbon dioxide, bioerosion, carbon dioxide, Chemical oceanography, Climate change, coral reefs, Global temperature changes, Global warming, invertebrates, Ocean, Ocean temperature, Reefs, Sponges, Statistics, temperature},
	isbn = {1354-1013},
	author = {Fang, James K. H. and Mello-Athayde, Matheus A. and Sch{\"o}nberg, Christine H. L. and Kline, David I. and Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove and Dove, Sophie}
}
@article {60,
	title = {Effects of ocean warming and acidification on the energy budget of an excavating sponge},
	journal = {Global Change BiologyGlobal Change Biology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {4},
	year = {2014},
	note = {http://DD8GH5YX7K.search.serialssolutions.com?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ocean+warming+and+acidification+on+the+energy+budget+of+an+excavating+sponge\&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology\&rft.au=Fang\%2C+James+K.+H\&rft.au=Sch\%C3\%B6nberg\%2C+Christine+H.+L\&rft.au=Mello\%E2\%80\%90Athayde\%2C+Matheus+A\&rft.au=Hoegh\%E2\%80\%90Guldberg\%2C+Ove\&rft.date=2014-04-01\&rft.issn=1354-1013\&rft.eissn=1365-2486\&rft.volume=20\&rft.issue=4\&rft.spage=1043\&rft.epage=1054\&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111\%2Fgcb.12369\&rft.externalDocID=GCB12369\&paramdict=en-UShttp://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif\&issn=1354-1013\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif\&issn=1354-1013\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif\&issn=1354-1013\&client=sydneylibu; U6 - ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ocean+warming+and+acidification+on+the+energy+budget+of+an+excavating+sponge\&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology\&rft.au=Fang\%2C+James+K.+H\&rft.au=Sch\%C3\%B6nberg\%2C+Christine+H.+L\&rft.au=Mello\%E2\%80\%90Athayde\%2C+Matheus+A\&rft.au=Hoegh\%E2\%80\%90Guldberg\%2C+Ove\&rft.date=2014-04-01\&rft.issn=1354-1013\&rft.eissn=1365-2486\&rft.volume=20\&rft.issue=4\&rft.spage=1043\&rft.epage=1054\&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111\%2Fgcb.12369\&rft.externalDocID=GCB12369\&paramdict=en-US U7 - Journal Article U8 - FETCH-LOGICAL-c2319-3785c45823b6caf2d09adc28ba2298124bca4c60e95e76ac29e639525d1234bb1[]},
	pages = {1043-1054},
	publisher = {Wiley Subscription Services, Inc},
	address = {England},
	abstract = {Recent research efforts have demonstrated increased bioerosion rates under experimentally elevated partial pressures of seawater carbon dioxide (pCO2 ) with or without increased temperatures, which may lead to net erosion on coral reefs in the future. However, this conclusion clearly depends on the ability of the investigated bioeroding organisms to survive and grow in the warmer and more acidic future environments, which remains unexplored. The excavating sponge Cliona orientalis Thiele, is a widely distributed bioeroding organism and symbiotic with dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium. Using C. orientalis, an energy budget model was developed to calculate amounts of carbon directed into metabolic maintenance and growth. This model was tested under a range of CO2 emission scenarios (temperature~+~pCO2 ) appropriate to an Austral early summer. Under a pre-industrial scenario, present day (control) scenario, or B1 future scenario (associated with reducing the rate of CO2 emissions over the next few decades), C. orientalis maintained a positive energy budget, where metabolic demand was likely satisfied by autotrophic carbon provided by Symbiodinium and heterotrophic carbon via filter-feeding, suggesting sustainability. Under B1, C. orientalis likely benefited by a greater supply of photosynthetic products from its symbionts, which increased by up to 56\% per unit area, and displayed an improved condition with up to 52\% increased surplus carbon available for growth. Under an A1FI future scenario (associated with {\textquoteright}business-as-usual{\textquoteright} CO2 emissions) bleached C. orientalis experienced the highest metabolic demand, but carbon acquired was insufficient to maintain the sponge, as indicated by a negative energy budget. These metabolic considerations suggest that previous observations of increased bioerosion under A1FI by C. orientalis may not last through the height of future A1FI summers, and survival of individual sponges may be dependent on the energy reserves (biomass) they have accumulated through the rest of the year.},
	keywords = {Acidification, bioerosion, carbon balance, CHAR, Corals, CZAR, Energy efficiency, Global warming, Oceans, Sponges, temperature},
	isbn = {1354-1013},
	author = {Fang, James K. H. and Sch{\"o}nberg, Christine H. L. and Mello-Athayde, Matheus A. and Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove and Dove, Sophie}
}
@article {32,
	title = {Induced colonization of corals by a clionid bioeroding sponge},
	journal = {Coral ReefsCoral Reefs},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	note = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&SrcAuth=SerialsSolutions\&SrcApp=Summon\&KeyUT=000170520100012\&DestLinkType=FullRecord\&DestApp=WOShttp://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif\&issn=0722-4028\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif\&issn=0722-4028\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif\&issn=0722-4028\&client=sydneylibu; U6 - ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Induced+colonization+of+corals+by+a+clionid+bioeroding+sponge\&rft.jtitle=Coral+Reefs\&rft.au=Sch\%C3\%B6nberg\%2C+C\&rft.au=Sch\%C3\%B6nberg\%2C+C.H.L\&rft.au=Wilkinson\%2C+C.R\&rft.au=Wilkinson\%2C+C\&rft.date=2001\&rft.issn=0722-4028\&rft.eissn=1432-0975\&rft.volume=20\&rft.issue=1\&rft.spage=69\&rft.epage=76\&rft.externalDBID=n\%2Fa\&rft.externalDocID=32770404\&paramdict=en-US U7 - Journal Article U8 - FETCH-LOGICAL-c1522-60d3f72ea15e79d039ceb7871ce403f071994d19aec2cdd3d9fad98d36526d301[]},
	pages = {69-76},
	publisher = {SPRINGER-VERLAG},
	address = {NEW YORK},
	abstract = {Colonization abilities of the biocroding sponge Cliona orientalis were studied in a field experiment conducted at Orpheus Island, on the central Great Barrier Reef. Live grafts of sponge tissue were fixed onto nine coral species. The sponge was able to invade seven of these nine coral species: Porites australiensis, Porites cylindrica, Porites rus, Acropora formosa, Astreopora myriophtalma, Favites abdita and Montastrea curta. No sponge tissue was observed in Lobophyllia hemprichii and Pachyseris speciosa. While colonization of dead substrates can take place within a few weeks, invasion through live coral tissue occurred after 2-3 months. The frequency and area of sponge tissue in coral tissue were statistically independent of host coral species. The coral species affected sponge survival and health, presumably due to coral chemical defense. We ranked coral defense abilities against the sponge in the order: L. hempriehii > P. cylindrica = P. rus = F. abdita > A. formosa = M. curta (= P. speciosa) > A. myriophtalma = massive Porites. Overall, sponge fragments had a considerable capacity to survive on live coral and to recover from injury, handling and the initial stress caused by contact with corals (96\% survived for 3 months). The ability of the sponge to resist coral defense on direct contact may offer it an alternative to sexual reproduction - by propagation through fragments - and may enable the sponge to invade various coral species laterally.},
	keywords = {bioerosion, Cliona, Cliona orientalis, Colonization, CONTINENTAL-SHELF, Controlled conditions, coral, coral reefs, DAMSELFISH TERRITORIALITY, ECOLOGY, fragmentation, FRESHWATER BIOLOGY, Great Barrier Reef, GREAT-BARRIER-REEF, GROWTH, Interaction, INTERNAL BIOEROSION, INTERSPECIFIC AGGRESSION, Interspecific relationships, ISEW, Australia, Queensland, Great Barrier Reef, Orpheus I, Live grafts, Marine, MARINE \&amp, Porifera, SCLERACTINIAN CORALS, Sponges, Survival, Transplants, ZOOXANTHELLAE},
	isbn = {0722-4028},
	author = {Sch{\"o}nberg, C. H. L. and Wilkinson, C. R.}
}
@article {40,
	title = {Influence of land runoff on rates and agents of bioerosion of coral substrates},
	journal = {Marine pollution bulletinMarine Pollution Bulletin},
	volume = {51},
	number = {1-4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&SrcAuth=SerialsSolutions\&SrcApp=Summon\&KeyUT=000227981800041\&DestLinkType=FullRecord\&DestApp=WOShttp://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif\&issn=0025-326X\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif\&issn=0025-326X\&client=sydneylibu;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif\&issn=0025-326X\&client=sydneylibu; U6 - ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com\&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal\&rft.genre=article\&rft.atitle=Influence+of+land+runoff+on+rates+and+agents+of+bioerosion+of+coral+substrates\&rft.jtitle=Marine+Pollution+Bulletin\&rft.au=Hutchings\%2C+Pat\&rft.au=Peyrot-Clausade\%2C+Mireille\&rft.au=Osnorno\%2C+Alicia\&rft.date=2005\&rft.issn=0025-326X\&rft.eissn=1879-3363\&rft.volume=51\&rft.issue=1-4\&rft.spage=438\&rft.epage=447\&rft.externalDBID=n\%2Fa\&rft.externalDocID=40341636\&paramdict=en-US U7 - Journal Article U8 - FETCH-LOGICAL-c2431-12d5316fd10c8d6eb164af995488dd217f0bccb4de0bbcac310845b5645ce18a1[]},
	pages = {438-447},
	publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD},
	address = {England},
	abstract = {Annually large volumes of fresh water laden with sediment are washed down the Daintree River in North Queensland into the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. To investigate the effects of land runoff on bioerosion, samples of recently killed colonies of Porites were laid at 6 sites on a cross shelf transect from Snapper Island at the entrance to the river to Osprey Reef, approximately 328 km from the river mouth out in the Coral Sea. Rates and agents of bioerosion were determined over 4 years and inshore sites exhibited significantly lower rates of total bioerosion than the other sites. Offshore sites experienced high rates of bioerosion primarily due to grazing and internal bioerosion by macroborers such as sponges and bivalves was also important at some of these sites. Inshore sites were covered in heavy layers of silt which inhibited colonization and growth of microborers, primarily algae. This resulted in lower levels of grazing than at offshore sites. However the activity of macroborers (primarily sponges and bivalves) was often high at these sites. The macroboring communities differed between sites and over time and it is hypothesised that these site differences were due to different levels of terrestrial runoff. These results are compared with those from French Polynesia where contaminated terrestrial runoff greatly influenced rates and agents of bioerosion. However other factors such as overfishing may also play an important role in some locations.},
	keywords = {algae, Algal Growth, Animals, Anthozoa, Anthozoa - growth \&amp, AUSTRALIA, Australia, Queensland, Australia, Queensland, Daintree, Australia, Queensland, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, Queensland, Queensland Plateau, Osprey Reef, barrier reefs, bioerosion, Biogenic deposits, Bivalves, Bivalvia, boring organisms, Colonization, Community composition, Conservation of Natural Resources, coral, Coral Sea, Corals, development, environmental factors, Environmental Monitoring, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, Fluvial deposits, Fluvial transport, French Polynesia, FRESHWATER BIOLOGY, Geologic Sediments, grazing, Great Barrier Reef, GREAT-BARRIER-REEF, GROWTH, ISE, Pacific, French Polynesia, ISEW, Australia, Queensland, Daintree, ISEW, Australia, Queensland, Great Barrier Reef, ISEW, Australia, Queensland, Queensland Plateau, Osprey Reef, ISEW, Coral Sea, Islands, Lagoons, LAGOONS FRENCH-POLYNESIA, LIZARD-ISLAND, Marine, MARINE \&amp, Marine molluscs, Marine pollution, microborers, MID-SHELF, Mollusks, On-site Investigations, Pacific, French Polynesia, PARROTFISHES FAMILY SCARIDAE, Population Dynamics, Porifera, PORITES, Rain, Reefs, River discharge, River Mouth, Rivers, Runoff, Sediment, Sediment Contamination, Sediment transport, Sediment-water interface, SEDIMENTATION, Silt, Sipunculans, Skeleton, SPARISOMA-VIRIDE, Sponges, Substrates, Terrigenous sediments, Water Movements},
	isbn = {0025-326X},
	author = {Hutchings, Pat and Peyrot-Clausade, Mireille and Osnorno, Alicia}
}
